- Resources
- Air Quality
- Components
- Particulate Matter ≤10 µm (PM10)
Understand PM₁₀ Air Quality with Reported Unit, Observation Time, and Station Setting Clear
Interpret PM₁₀ Air Quality through calibration, sensor type, and weather context, not as a complete health assessment.
PM₁₀ represents PM10 particulate matter in the supported air-quality data and is reported using micrograms per cubic metre. Treat PM₁₀ air quality as one observation shaped by recency, source, and local context. Read every value together with its station, timestamp, source, unit, and status; concentrations and composite indices answer different questions and should not be treated as interchangeable.
The Official PM10 Thresholds
Every reading on these pages is placed on the official five-band Dutch scale. The thresholds differ per pollutant; these are the NO₂ boundaries in µg/m³.
Where does PM10 come from?
PM10 particles come from a mix of human and natural sources, including road traffic, construction sites, agriculture, and industrial activities. Non-exhaust emissions such as tire and brake wear or resuspended dust can significantly raise PM10 levels in busy cities. Natural inputs, like sea salt or long-range desert dust, also influence concentrations—especially during dry or windy conditions.
- Irritation of eyes and throat
- Coughing and congestion
- Asthma symptom worsening
- Bronchitis aggravation
- Reduced exercise capacity
- Haze and reduced visibility
- Surface soiling and dust
- Leaf and crop coating
- Soil and water deposition
- Ecosystem stress
Where PM10 Is Measured
Every Dutch city with stations tracking PM10, ranked by coverage. Open a city for its live readings and history.
Other Pollutants
What NO₂, ozone and fine dust actually are, where they come from, and at what concentration each one moves from good to bad on the official Dutch scale.
LKI
The Dutch Air Quality Index (LKI) gives a simple snapshot of overall air pollution levels. It combines key pollutants into one score to help you quickly understand today’s air quality.
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a traffic-related gas that often spikes in busy urban areas. It’s a major contributor to smog and can affect both lungs and overall health.
Fine particles
PM2.5 particles are fine pollutants that penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream. They are among the most harmful pollutants, mainly from combustion and chemical reactions in the air.
Ozone
Ground-level ozone (O₃) is a secondary pollutant formed on sunny days from traffic and industrial gases. It irritates the lungs and damages plants, making it a key driver of summer smog.
Dutch and EU Air Quality Context
All air quality information on Luntero comes from Luchtmeetnet, the official Dutch air monitoring network operated under national and EU standards. This ensures that every measurement—whether for NO₂, PM, O₃, or the LKI index—is consistent, transparent, and comparable across the Netherlands and other European countries.
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