Dutch Air Quality Resources
Particulate Matter ≤10 µm (PM10) - Luntero
PM10 consists of coarse dust and soot particles small enough to enter the upper airways and cause irritation. These particles come from traffic, construction, agriculture, and even natural events like sea spray or dust storms. Elevated PM10 levels can reduce visibility, aggravate asthma and bronchitis, and coat buildings and vegetation with residue. Understanding PM10 levels helps cities manage emissions, plan construction activity, and improve air cleanliness for healthier communities.
Understanding PM10 in air quality
PM10 refers to airborne particles with diameters of 10 micrometres or less. They include a mix of materials such as dust, soot, tire and brake wear, road salt, and natural particles like sea salt or desert dust transported over long distances. Because PM10 can be breathed into the respiratory system, elevated concentrations are linked to coughing, throat irritation, and worsened symptoms for people with asthma and chronic bronchitis. Levels may spike during dry, windy weather, heavy traffic, construction activity, or regional dust intrusions. Monitoring PM10 helps identify short-term episodes that can be managed by timing outdoor activities, improving ventilation, and reducing local emissions. Over the long term, lower particle levels are associated with cleaner air, fewer symptoms, and healthier communities.
Where does PM10 come from?
PM10 particles come from a mix of human and natural sources, including road traffic, construction sites, agriculture, and industrial activities. Non-exhaust emissions such as tire and brake wear or resuspended dust can significantly raise PM10 levels in busy cities. Natural inputs, like sea salt or long-range desert dust, also influence concentrations—especially during dry or windy conditions.
Health effects of PM10
PM10 can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat and aggravate respiratory conditions. Sensitive groups may experience increased symptoms during high-particle episodes.
- Irritation of eyes and throat
- Coughing and congestion
- Asthma symptom worsening
- Bronchitis aggravation
- Reduced exercise capacity
Environmental effects of PM10
PM10 contributes to haze and reduces visibility. Deposition on leaves, soil, and water can affect plant health, soil chemistry, and urban cleanliness.
- Haze and reduced visibility
- Surface soiling and dust
- Leaf and crop coating
- Soil and water deposition
- Ecosystem stress
Cities Monitoring PM10 Levels
Discover which Dutch cities actively monitor PM10 through official air quality stations. Each location provides real-time data that helps track pollution trends, identify hotspots, and improve public awareness. Click a city below to explore detailed measurements and see how air quality compares across the country.
Rotterdam
Rotterdam tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
8 stations
Amsterdam
Amsterdam tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
7 stations
Velsen
Velsen tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
5 stations
Haarlemmermeer
Haarlemmermeer tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
5 stations
Moerdijk
Moerdijk tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
5 stations
Den Haag
Den Haag tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
4 stations
Zaanstad
Zaanstad tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
3 stations
Woensdrecht
Woensdrecht tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
2 stations
Terneuzen
Terneuzen tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
2 stations
Ridderkerk
Ridderkerk tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
2 stations
Eindhoven
Eindhoven tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
2 stations
Utrechtse Heuvelrug
Utrechtse Heuvelrug tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
2 stations
Arnhem
Arnhem tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
2 stations
Breda
Breda tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
2 stations
Maastricht
Maastricht tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
2 stations
Heerlen
Heerlen tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
2 stations
Nijmegen
Nijmegen tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Borger-Odoorn
Borger-Odoorn tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Hellendoorn
Hellendoorn tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Beekdaelen
Beekdaelen tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Bernheze
Bernheze tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Stichtse Vecht
Stichtse Vecht tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Lopik
Lopik tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Groningen
Groningen tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Schiedam
Schiedam tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Noordwijk
Noordwijk tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Alkmaar
Alkmaar tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Noardeast-Fryslân
Noardeast-Fryslân tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Ede
Ede tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Beverwijk
Beverwijk tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Dordrecht
Dordrecht tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Hollands Kroon
Hollands Kroon tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Venray
Venray tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Woerden
Woerden tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Sittard-Geleen
Sittard-Geleen tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Hoeksche Waard
Hoeksche Waard tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Veldhoven
Veldhoven tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Hilvarenbeek
Hilvarenbeek tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Eijsden-Margraten
Eijsden-Margraten tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Almere
Almere tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Nederweert
Nederweert tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Steenwijkerland
Steenwijkerland tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Dronten
Dronten tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Vlaardingen
Vlaardingen tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Maassluis
Maassluis tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Berkelland
Berkelland tracks PM10 to reveal how air quality changes throughout the day and how it compares with other cities in the Netherlands.
1 stations
Explore Other Air Quality Components
Air quality is influenced by more than just this pollutant. Explore other key components such as particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and the overall Dutch Air Quality Index (LKI). Each pollutant plays a different role — from traffic emissions to sunlight-driven reactions — shaping how clean the air feels and how it impacts health and the environment. Discover how these components interact and learn which pollutants matter most in your area.
Dutch Air Quality Index (LKI - Luchtkwaliteitsindex)
The Dutch Air Quality Index (LKI) gives a simple snapshot of overall air pollution levels. It combines key pollutants into one score to help you quickly understand today’s air quality.
Overall Air Index
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a traffic-related gas that often spikes in busy urban areas. It’s a major contributor to smog and can affect both lungs and overall health.
Traffic Emission Gas
Fine Particulate Matter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5)
PM2.5 particles are fine pollutants that penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream. They are among the most harmful pollutants, mainly from combustion and chemical reactions in the air.
Coarse Dust Particles
Ozone (O₃) - Ground-Level
Ground-level ozone (O₃) is a secondary pollutant formed on sunny days from traffic and industrial gases. It irritates the lungs and damages plants, making it a key driver of summer smog.
Sunlight-Formed Gas
Dutch and EU Air Quality Context
All air quality information on Luntero comes from Luchtmeetnet, the official Dutch air monitoring network operated under national and EU standards. This ensures that every measurement—whether for NO₂, PM, O₃, or the LKI index—is consistent, transparent, and comparable across the Netherlands and other European countries.
View Luchtmeetnet data sourceQuick links
Interactive air quality map of the NetherlandsOfficial air quality monitoring stationsMain air quality componentsAbout LKI and its role in air qualityHealth and environmental effects of LKISources and origins of LKIAbout NO2 and its role in air qualityHealth and environmental effects of NO2Sources and origins of NO2About PM10 and its role in air qualityHealth and environmental effects of PM10Sources and origins of PM10About PM2.5 and its role in air qualityHealth and environmental effects of PM2.5Sources and origins of PM2.5About O3 and its role in air qualityHealth and environmental effects of O3Sources and origins of O3
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