O₃ Air Quality

Reported Unit, Observation Time, and Station Setting for O₃ Air Quality

O₃ Air Quality provides one monitoring signal shaped by calibration, sensor type, and weather context.

O₃ represents ozone in the supported air-quality data and is reported using micrograms per cubic metre. Use recency to identify the reading on O₃ air quality, then use source and local context to understand its limits. Read every value together with its station, timestamp, source, unit, and status; concentrations and composite indices answer different questions and should not be treated as interchangeable.

Open the live map All pollutants

37cities covered

46measuring stations

The Official O3 Thresholds

Every reading on these pages is placed on the official five-band Dutch scale. The thresholds differ per pollutant; these are the NO₂ boundaries in µg/m³.

Good≤ 30

Moderate≤ 60

Insufficient≤ 100

Bad≤ 180

Very bad> 180

Understanding O3 in air quality

Ozone (O₃) at ground level is not emitted directly; it forms when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight. Concentrations usually peak in the afternoon and during warm seasons, and they can be elevated far from original emission sources due to regional transport. Ozone is a strong oxidant that irritates the airways, reduces lung function, and can trigger chest tightness and coughing—especially during outdoor exercise. Vegetation is also sensitive to O₃, with prolonged exposure reducing crop yields and stressing forests. Monitoring local ozone alongside precursors helps communities time outdoor activity, implement emission-reduction strategies, and evaluate regional smog episodes.

Where does O3 come from?

Ground-level ozone is not emitted directly; it forms when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in sunlight. The process is accelerated by warm, stagnant weather, which explains higher ozone levels during summer. Since O₃ can travel far from its origin, both local traffic and upwind industrial regions contribute to the ozone measured in a given area.

Health effects of O3

Short-term exposure to elevated ozone can cause throat irritation, coughing, and breathing difficulty, particularly during exercise. People with asthma or lung disease may be more susceptible.

- Airway irritation

- Coughing and chest tightness

- Reduced lung function

- Worsening of asthma symptoms

- Eye irritation

Environmental effects of O3

Ozone damages plant tissues, reduces photosynthesis, and can suppress crop yields. Over time, it contributes to regional smog and degrades natural and agricultural ecosystems.

- Vegetation and crop damage

- Reduced photosynthesis

- Forest stress

- Regional smog formation

- Ecosystem productivity loss

Where O3 Is Measured

Every Dutch city with stations tracking O3, ranked by coverage. Open a city for its live readings and history.

Other Pollutants

What NO₂, ozone and fine dust actually are, where they come from, and at what concentration each one moves from good to bad on the official Dutch scale.

LKI

The Dutch Air Quality Index (LKI) gives a simple snapshot of overall air pollution levels. It combines key pollutants into one score to help you quickly understand today’s air quality.

Learn about LKI

NO₂

Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a traffic-related gas that often spikes in busy urban areas. It’s a major contributor to smog and can affect both lungs and overall health.

Learn about NO2

PM₁₀

Particulate matter

PM10 particles are coarse dust and soot small enough to be inhaled into the upper airways. They often come from traffic, construction, and natural sources like dust storms.

Learn about PM10

PM₂.₅

Fine particles

PM2.5 particles are fine pollutants that penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream. They are among the most harmful pollutants, mainly from combustion and chemical reactions in the air.

Learn about PM2.5

Dutch and EU Air Quality Context

All air quality information on Luntero comes from Luchtmeetnet, the official Dutch air monitoring network operated under national and EU standards. This ensures that every measurement—whether for NO₂, PM, O₃, or the LKI index—is consistent, transparent, and comparable across the Netherlands and other European countries.

View Luchtmeetnet data source

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