An Ambiguous Term: 'Kaal' or 'Gestoffeerd'?
The English term 'unfurnished' is not precise enough for the Dutch rental market and can lead to significant and costly surprises for unwary tenants. In the Netherlands, an unfurnished property is delivered in one of two distinct conditions: kaal (bare) or gestoffeerd (semi-furnished). The difference between the two is enormous in terms of the initial investment of time and money required from the tenant. Because real estate agents may use the English term 'unfurnished' to describe either state, it is absolutely essential for a prospective tenant to seek explicit clarification on the exact state of delivery (staat van oplevering) before signing a lease.
Defining the Two Types of 'Unfurnished'
1. Kaal (Bare): This means the property is delivered in its most basic state. You can expect a fully functional kitchen and bathroom, but often nothing else. There will typically be no flooring (just the structural concrete subfloor), no curtains or blinds, and no light fixtures (just plastic caps covering the electrical wiring in the ceiling). The tenant is responsible for purchasing and installing all of these items, which can easily cost several thousand euros. This state is more common in the social housing sector, where tenants tend to stay for very long periods. 2. Gestoffeerd (Semi-furnished): This is the standard for the free sector rental market. The property includes all the essential fixed coverings: a floor, window coverings (curtains/blinds), and basic light fixtures. It is a ready-to-inhabit space where the tenant only needs to bring their own movable furniture and personal belongings.
The Tenant's Duty to Clarify
Never assume that an 'unfurnished' property will have a floor. Always ask the agent or landlord the specific question: "Wordt de woning kaal of gestoffeerd opgeleverd?" (Will the property be delivered bare or semi-furnished?). The rental agreement should also explicitly state the condition. The difference between these two states is the source of many cautionary tales among new renters in the Netherlands. Don't let a simple vocabulary misunderstanding lead to a major unexpected expense.
