The Dutch Aversion to Air Conditioning
For anyone coming from a warmer climate, the near-total absence of air conditioning in Dutch homes can be baffling. For decades, the temperate, often cool maritime climate meant that AC was seen as an unnecessary and extravagant Americanism. Dutch architecture and building standards have always prioritized retaining heat, not expelling it. The result is a housing stock—even modern constructions—that is exceptionally ill-equipped to handle heatwaves, which are becoming increasingly common and intense due to climate change. You should operate under the assumption that a rental property will not have air conditioning. It is not a standard feature, and its absence is not considered a defect.
Finding a rental with a built-in, central air conditioning system is like finding a needle in a haystack. Such systems are typically only found in the absolute highest tier of ultra-modern penthouse apartments or in some commercial office buildings. The vast majority of Dutch houses and apartments, from 17th-century canal houses to 1980s family homes, simply do not have the ductwork or infrastructure to support central AC. Do not expect to find it, and do not be surprised if a real estate agent looks at you quizzically when you ask about it. In the Dutch mindset, the solution to a hot day has traditionally been to open a window and wait for the weather to change.
If It Exists, Who Owns It and Who Fixes It?
On the rare occasion that a listing does mention 'air conditioning', you must approach this claim with extreme skepticism and investigate its origins. There are two likely scenarios. The first is that a permanent, wall-mounted split-unit system has been installed in one or more rooms. If this is the case, it is absolutely critical to clarify its status in the lease agreement. Is the AC unit an official fixture of the property, owned and maintained by the landlord? If so, the landlord is responsible for its servicing and repairs if it breaks down. The second, and more likely, scenario is that the AC unit was installed by a previous tenant and left behind. In this case, it is often considered to have been transferred 'for takeover' (ter overname). This means it is now your property, and you are responsible for it. If it malfunctions, the repair costs are yours alone. The landlord will have no obligation to fix or replace it. Get the ownership and maintenance responsibility of any existing AC unit confirmed in writing in the lease.
The Rise of the Noisy, Inefficient Mobile Unit
The most common form of 'air conditioning' you will actually encounter in Dutch homes is the portable or mobile AC unit. These are standalone appliances that tenants buy themselves out of desperation during a heatwave. These units are a deeply flawed solution. They are typically very noisy, making it difficult to sleep or work in the same room. They are also highly inefficient, consuming a large amount of electricity for a limited cooling effect. Their biggest drawback is the need to vent hot air. This is done via a large, unwieldy exhaust hose that must be placed through an open window or door. This completely defeats the purpose of cooling a room, as hot air from outside continuously seeps back in around the hose. It also presents a significant security risk by leaving a window partially open. If a listing boasts 'air conditioning', and you see one of these mobile units during the viewing, understand that it is not a feature of the apartment but a personal appliance left behind. It is a sign of a hot apartment, not a luxurious amenity.
